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This table compares southerners and British people using 1860 census data.

This brief newspaper article represents the commonplace practice of selling land, animals and goods while including enslaved people in the same listing in the United States before emancipation. Serving as primary source evidence of a pending sale, the article simplifies the transactions as purely economic.

In reflecting on both a pivotal moment in her life during the Civil War and the longer-term effects of such an event, Mrs. Albright excludes her family from the violent system of slavery while adhering to stereotypically Southern values. The necessity of interracial intimacy is noticeable in Mrs. Albright’s descriptions.

Recounting a selective portion of an enslaved woman’s life, this brief biography also serves as a reflection of what mainstream society deemed “worthy” during the early to mid-19th century. Precisely because Alice supposedly embodied characteristics that were both exceptional and ordinary, her story offers a useful lens to consider how slavery was understood in its time.

Likely written during or shortly after the Civil War, these song lyrics depict Southern patriotism and duty to maintaining a certain way of life. Using melodic rhymes and repetition, the author emphasizes Southern manhood, justified violence and supposedly benign slavery.

This is a will of an enslaver from 1776. It shows how enslaved persons were treated as property to be passed down through generations.

This is an excerpt from a work of fiction about the Civil War. It expresses a pro-Northern view while at the same time arguing that enslaved persons do not desire freedom.

This is a sermon by Benjamin Morgan Palmer that argues for the preservation of slavery. It gives students a close look at the religious arguments made for the institution of slavery.

This work is an extended and bitter indictment of Jefferson Davis and the Southern system of slavery. It consists of 12 vignettes with accompanying verse.

In this speech, Alexander H. Stephens appeals to his fellow Southerners to vote against secession by highlighting what the consequences of secession might be.