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The Freedom Riders looked to invoke federal action and gain national attention as they traveled on interstate bus lines across the South seeking service at white-only waiting rooms and lunch counters.

This proclamation, although written from the gender perspective, details ten human and civil rights that should be afforded to all human beings.

In the matter of Plessy v. Ferguson, the United States Supreme Court upheld practices that perpetuated Jim Crow segregation, declaring that “separate but equal” accommodations were legal. Nearly 60 years later, the Court overturned the ruling in Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka.

Preceding the Supreme Court case Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka, Kansas, Mendez v. Westminster challenged the segregation of Mexican Americans in schools in Orange County, California.

Patricia Smith explores the nation's divide over how to deal with illegal immigration. She outlines the role of immigration in our history, notes the "wariness" felt over immigration ever since, and questions when and how Congress might act on the issue.