Appendix C: Online Supplement

Resources for Critical Practices

Introduction

• Perspectives by Jalaya Liles Dunn in Learning for Justice Magazine, Fall 2022 Issue
• Social Justice Standards by Learning for Justice

I. Curriculum and Instruction

• “What is Social Justice Education?” by Lee Anne Bell, Ph.D. (Learning for Justice)

Critical Engagement With Materials

1. Personal Reflection Activities
   • Reflecting on Personal Stories (video available at Learning from Justice)
   • Color-Symbol-Image, A Thinking Routine from Project Zero (Harvard Graduate School of Education)
2. Open-Ended and Higher-Order Questions    
   • “How to Make Your Questions Essential” by Grant Wiggins (ASCD)
   • “Generating Effective Questions” by Todd Finley (Edutopia)
   • “Putting Bloom’s Taxonomy to Rest” by Roland Case in Social Studies Today: Research and Practice, edited by Walter C. Parker, Routledge, 2015
   • Teaching strategies from Learning for Justice:
     • Challenge the Text (a Close and Critical Reading strategy)
     • Four Perspectives (a Community Inquiry strategy)
     • Text-Dependent Questions (a Close and Critical Reading strategy)
3. Critical Reading
   • Learning for Justice offers a bank of teaching strategies that support Close and Critical Reading, including during Read Alouds, Reading Against the Grain (6-12),
   • Resistant Reading (K-5)
4. Teaching and Practicing Digital Literacy
   • “Reimagining Digital Literacy to Save Ourselves” by Cory Collins (Learning for Justice)
   • “Combating Misinformation in Under-Resourced Languages: Lessons From Around the World” by Ali Abbas Ahmadi (First Draft News)
   • “Misinformation Online Is Bad in English. But it’s Far Worse in Spanish.” by Stephanie Valencia (The Washington Post)
   • Learning the Landscape of Digital Literacy, a framework from Learning for Justice, provides additional resources and support for educators who teach digital literacy.
5. Critically Surveying the Curriculum
   • Textured Teaching: A Framework for Culturally Sustaining Practices by Lorena Germán
   • “What It Means to Be an Anti-Racist Teacher” by Val Brown and Crystal L. Keels, Ph.D. (Learning for Justice)
   • “Ending Curriculum Violence” by Stephanie P. Jones, Ph.D. (Learning for Justice)
   • Practices for Serving LGBTQ Students, Section on Instruction (Learning for Justice)
   • Stevens & Bean. (2007) “Redefining Literacy.” Critical Literacy: Context, Research, and Practice in the K-12 Classroom, p. 11 (Heinemann)
   • Culturally Responsive Curriculum Scorecards (NYU The Metropolitan Center for Research on Equity and the Transformation of Schools)
   • Examples from various disciplines:
     • Math: “Open Secrets in First-Grade Math: Teaching About White Supremacy on American Currency” by Bret Turner (Learning for Justice)
     • Math: Radical Math
     • ELA: Windows and Mirrors teaching strategy (Learning for Justice)
     • ELA: (Learning for Justice)
     • ELA: Native American Literature in Your Classroom (National Museum of the American Indian)
     • ELA: APALA Rubric to Evaluate Asian American and Pacific Islander Youth Literature (APALA)
     • Social Studies: Teaching Hard History (Learning for Justice)
     • Science: “Use the Tools of Science to Recognize Inequity in Science” by Shinae Park, Ph.D., and Moses Rifkin (Learning for Justice)
     • Science: UCLA Science Project
     • Science: Next Generation Science Standards
     • Science: “Science Curriculum Can Be Gender-Inclusive. We Just Have to Embrace Students’ Questions” by César Martín Moreno (EdSurge)
     • Science: Webinar: Justice in the Science Classroom (Learning for Justice)
   • Other organizations focused on helping educators teach critically include:
     • Facing History and Ourselves
     • Zinn Education Project
     • Teaching for Change
     • Social Justice Books (Teaching for Change)

Supporting All Learners Through Differentiation

1. Scaffolded Activities
   • From Colorín Colorado, a bilingual website for teachers and families of multilingual learners:
     • Content Instruction for ELLs
     • Teaching English Language Learners
   • From Edutopia:
     • On-the-Spot Scaffolding for Students and 6 Scaffolding Strategies to Use With Your Students by Rebecca Alber
2. Making Space for Student Choice
   • A Practical Guide to Planning for Intentional Differentiation (Edutopia)
   • Inquiry Design Model - C3 Teachers™ (C3 Teachers)
   • Balancing Student Choice and Needs With Playlists (The Learning Accelerator)
   • LFJ Lessons for building opportunities for student choice:
     • Who Is an Immigrant? 
     • Digital Activism Remixed: Hashtags for Voice, Visibility and Visions of Social Justice (Learning for Justice)
   • Free, online programs that educators can use to enhance student options:
     • Padlet provides options for users to share ideas through writing, images, video, voice recording and even GIFs.
     • Canva allows students to create presentations, infographics, posters and more.
     • Book Creator account for longer projects
3. Use of Technology to Support Differentiation
   • “Enhancing Learning Through Differentiated Technology” by Julie Stern (Edutopia)
   • Free programs that offer students access to dictionaries, translators, text-to-speech capability such as: Actively Learn, Newsela and CommonLit
   • Learning Ally is a program that supports learners by providing access to books that highlight words as a human voice reads the text aloud and is free to some schools and educators.
   • Kami is a free learning tool that allows teachers to turn PDFs into worksheets students can annotate and has features such as a built-in dictionary and text-to-speech capabilities.
   • Immersive Reader is a free Microsoft tool that allows students to use text-to-speech, slow down the speed of the reader and use text decoding support. The tool also offers writing and editing features, a picture dictionary and a built-in translator.
   • Read&Write is an extension for Google Chrome supports differentiation with tools such as writing prediction, text-to-speech and speech-to-text, a picture dictionary, a translator and a dictionary and can be used on all web pages.
4. Universal Design for Learning
   • “Disability Is Diversity” by Courtney Wai (Learning for Justice)
   • “If Equity is a Priority, UDL is a Must” by Katie Novak (Cult of Pedagogy)
   • About Universal Design for Learning (CAST)

Supporting Student Action

• Birmingham Children’s March

1. Honoring Students’ Experience and Wisdom
   • “Confronting Ableism on the Way to Justice” by Keith Jones (Learning for Justice)
2. Connecting to Current Events and Real-World Issues
   • “Digging Deep Into the Social Justice Standards: Justice” (Learning for Justice)
3. Project-Based Learning
   • These Edutopia resources focus on project-based learning:
     • Project-Based Learning
     • “New Research Makes a Powerful Case for PBL” by Youki Terada
     • “Exploring Social Justice Issues Through PBL” by Teague Tubach
     • “6 Ways to Guide Students to More Authentic Work in PBL” by Zachary Herrmann
     • “Ending Project-Based Learning Units With a Call to Action” by Jorge Valenzuela
   • PBL Works
     • “Sustained Inquiry in PBL as a Tool for Social Justice.” by Chairty Marcella Moran, Ed.S.
4. Positioning Students as Agents of Change
   • Youth in Front (Learning for Justice, Harvard University and MIT)
   • “Digging Deep Into the Social Justice Standards: Action” (Learning for Justice)
   • Examples of contemporary and historical youth activism from Learning for Justice:
     • “Existence Is Resistance: Supporting Student-Led Social Change” by Stef Bernal-Martinez
     • “The Global Climate Strike and Student Action”
     • “Supporting Student Action for Social Justice”
     • “We Won’t Wear the Name” by Coshandra Dillard
   • 6 Elements of SJE (Using Their Words)

Cooperative and Collaborative Learning

1. Cooperative Learning Roles
   • “The Power of Protocols for Equity” by Zaretta Hammond (ASCD)
   • Culturally Responsive Teaching and the Brain by Zaretta Hammond
2. Collaboration Between In-Person and Remote Learners
   • “Making a Shared Space for In-Person and Remote Learners” (Edutopia)
   • “Remote Buddy Projects” (The Learning Accelerator)
   • “Ending Virtual School Oppression: Black Students are Disproportionately Punished for Harmless Behavior at Home During Zoom Classes” (Southern Poverty Law Center)
   • Flip (formerly Flipgrid) allows students to record and decorate a video that their classmates can respond to in writing or through a video.
   • Padlet provides options for students to post and respond to posts through writing, images, video, voice recording and even GIFs.
   • Using Nearpod and Pear Deck, educators can create asynchronous lessons with options for students to respond to each other.
3. Jigsaw
   • Racial Disparities Jigsaw Mini-Unit (Learning for Justice)
   • “Four Perspectives” (Learning for Justice)
   • “Jigsaw Description” (National School Reform Faculty®)
4. Value Lines
   • “Value Lines” (Learning for Justice)
5. Let’s Talk!
   • Let’s Talk! Discussing Black Lives Matter webinar includes an example of how one school community used the Learning for Justice Let’s Talk! guide to create a Black Lives Matter event. (Learning for Justice)
   • Virtual workshops for Let’s Talk! guide (Learning for Justice)
   • Reading for Social Justice (Learning for Justice)

Social Justice-Based Assessment, Evaluation and Grading

1. Student Self-Assessments
   • “4 Steps of Student Self-Assessment” by Emelina Minero (Edutopia)
   • “5 Ways to Help Students Focus on Learning Rather Than Grades” by Crystal Frommert (Edutopia)
   • “Student Self-Assessment Practices That Work” by Starr Sackstein (Edutopia)
2. Scoring Guides and Rubrics
   • “Using Rubrics for ‘Targeted Feedback’” by Larry Ferlazzo (Education Week)
   • “Rubric Do’s & Don’ts” by Larry Ferlazzo (Education Week)
3. Assessment of Process and Product)
   • “Advancing Fair and Equitable Digital Assessment,” by Erika D. Tate (ASCD)
   • “Confronting Inequity/Assessment for Equity” by H. Richard Milner IV (ASCD)
   • “How to Help Students Focus on What They’re Learning, Not the Grade” by Sarah Schroeder (Edutopia)
4. Allowing Multiple Ways for Students to Show Understanding
   • “The Relationship Between Test Item Format and Gender Achievement Gaps on Math and ELA Tests in Fourth and Eighth Grades” by Sean F. Reardon et al.
   • Student Choice of Mastery Demonstration (The Learning Accelerator)
   • “The Racist Beginnings of Standardized Testing” by John Rosales and Tim Walker (National Education Association)
5. Centering Student Well-Being While Grading
   • “Grading Students During the Coronavirus Crisis: What’s the Right Call?” by Steven Sawchuck (Education Week)
   • “Faced With Soaring Ds and Fs, Schools Are Ditching the Old Way of Grading” by Paloma Esquivel (Los Angeles Times)
   • “Should Schools Be Giving So Many Failing Grades This Year?” by Stephen Sawchuk (Education Week)

II. Culture and Climate

Social And Emotional Support

1. Fostering “Safe-r” and “Brave-r” Spaces
   • Best Practices for Serving LGBTQ Students guide contains tips on how to create an inclusive environment for all students, including thoughtful word choice and inclusive classroom practices. (Learning for Justice)
   • Best Practices for Serving English Language Learner Students and Their Families guide includes a section on social inclusion opportunities to create inclusive spaces for multilingual learners. (Learning for Justice)
   • Establishing Brave Spaces: The Roles of Safety and Comfort in Dialogue (The Program on Intergroup Relations—University of Michigan)
   • “From Safe Spaces to Brave Spaces: A New Way to Frame Dialogue Around Diversity and Social Justice.” In Landreman, L. (Ed.), The Art of Effective Facilitation: Reflections from Social Justice Educators
   • Do We Need Safe or Brave Spaces? (Break Away blog)
   • “Solidarity as Social and Emotional Safety” By Riley Drake, Ph.D. (Learning for Justice)
2. Addressing Positionality, Difference and Bias
   • Resources from Learning for Justice
     • Bibi film kit (Use the entire film kit to engage in conversation around identities)
     • Analyzing How Words Communicate Bias
     • Webinar to Support LGBTQ+ Young People
     • Bullying & Bias
     • Let’s Talk! guide
     • Reading Diversity
     • Responding to Hate and Bias at School
3. Supporting Intellectual Safety
   • “A New Set of Rules” (Learning for Justice)
   • Webinar: Reframing Classroom Management: The Classroom Consensus
   • Contracting Resource (Facing History and Ourselves)
4. Honoring Student Input, Disclosure and Feedback
   • Supporting Students from Immigrant Families (Learning for Justice)
   • Supporting LGBTQ+ Young People

Centering Student Experiences

1. Defining and Expressing Identities
   • This activity from Learning for Justice helps students begin to think about both their personal and social identities.
   • Use the entire Bibi film kit to further engage in conversation around identities.
2. Decentralizing Dominant Identities in School Spaces
   • “I Start the Year With Nothing” by Nancy Barno Reynolds (Learning for Justice)
3. Decentralizing Dominant Identities in Curricula
   • “Mirrors and Windows” by Rudine Sims Bishop, Ph.D., in Perspectives, 1990, 6(3), ix-xi.
   • Beyond Heroes and Holidays edited by Enid Lee, Deborah Menkart and Margo Okazawa-Rey (Teaching for Change)
4. Avoiding and Challenging Stereotypes
   • Hidden Bias Tests for teachers developed by psychologists at Harvard University, the University of Virginia and the University of Washington (Learning for Justice)

Shared Inquiry and Critical Conversations

1. Naming Shared Inquiry and Ongoing Learning
2. Let’s Talk! Critical Conversations and Dialogue
   • Create Space for Students to Share Their Stories
   • Let’s Talk! Guide
   • “A Care Plan for Honest History and Difficult Conversations” by Labrea Pringle
3. Foundations for Student Advocacy and Civic Engagement
   • Youth In Front (Learning for Justice)

Social Justice-Based Community Facilitation

1. Restorative Practices
   • “Carla Shalaby on Radically Inclusive Discipline” by Sarah McKibben (ASCD)
   • “Restorative Practices Explained” (International Institute for Restorative Practices)
   • Toolkit on Foundations of Restorative Practices by Cory Collins (Learning for Justice)
   • “Healing Through Restoration and Transformation” by Jeremiah Smith (Learning for Justice)
   • Toolkit: Peace-Building Circles by Jeremiah Smith (Learning for Justice)
2. Zero Indifference, Not Zero Tolerance
   • School-to-Prison Pipeline (American Civil Liberties Union)
   • Respect for All Policy Recommendations to Support LGBTQ Students (GLSEN)
   • Respect for All Project (Groundspark)
   • “Decarceration Begins With School Discipline Reform” by Anthony Conwright
3. Classroom Community Facilitation
   • “Reframing Classroom Management: A Toolkit for Educators” (Learning for Justice)
   • “New Class Roles: Building Environments of Cooperation” by Lori Desautels (Edutopia)
4. Schoolwide Community Facilitation
   • “Another Discriminatory Dress Code” (Learning for Justice)

III. Leadership

Self-Awareness and Cultural Competency

1. Self-Assessment
   • “Restorative Practices: Explained” (Georgetown University National Center for Cultural Competency)
2. Ongoing Reflection and Learning
3. Professional Development
   • Learning Policy Institute
   • Effective Teacher Professional Development by Linda Darling-Hammond, Maria E. Hyler and Madelyn Gardner from the Learning Policy Institute (2017).
4. Critical Friend Relationships
   • Protocols and Activities can guide critical friends to help each other work toward a specific goal. (The National School Reform Faculty®)

Creating and Upholding Just Systems

• “The Curb-Cut Effect and Championing Equity” by Cory Collins (Learning for Justice)

1. Analyzing and Addressing School Policies and Practices
   • “Enacting a Social Justice Leadership Framework” by Deena Khalil and Elizabeth Brown published in the Journal of Urban Learning, Teaching and Research, volume 11, pages 77-90 and page 82.
   • Best Practices for Serving LGBTQ Students Section I: Policy Checkup (Learning for Justice)
   • Serving ELL Students and Families Section IV Policy Checkup (Learning for Justice)
2. Responding to Hate and Bias at School
   • Responding to Hate and Bias at School (Learning for Justice)
3. Speak Up at School
   • Speak Up at School (Learning for Justice)
4. Leading Beyond the School
5. Leading Through Crisis
   • “We Were Ready” by Cory Collins (Learning for Justice)
   • Responding to Hate and Bias at School (Learning for Justice)

Collaboration and Building Alliances

1. Collaborative Planning and Interdisciplinary Projects
2. Professional Learning Communities
   • Virtual Professional Learning Cohort (Learning for Justice)
   • Protocols and Activities (The National School Reform Faculty®)
   • Adaptive School Resources (Thinking Collaborative™)
3. Networking
   • National Association for Multicultural Education
   • Teachers 4 Social Justice
   • White Privilege Conference
   • Creating Change
   • Facing Race
   • National Association of Independent Schools People of Color Conference
   • National Association for Bilingual Education
4. Building Community With Learning for Justice
   • Learning for Justice Professional Development includes cohorts, learning institutes, webinars, workshops and more.
   • Learning for Justice magazine subscriptions
   • Learning for Justice online newsletter

Student Leadership

• Ladder of Youth Participation (Kentucky Student Voice Team)

1. Formal Leadership
   • Global Leadership Academy
   • United We Dream
   • Student Voice
   • Immigrants Rising
   • GLSEN’s National Student Council
   • U.S. Department of Education
   • Best Practices for Youth Engagement in Municipal Government (National Civic League)
   • Youth Participation in Local Government (MRSC)
   • Legislative Youth Advisory Council (Washington State Legislature)
2. Student-Led Resource and Affinity Groups
   • Gender and Sexuality Alliances
   • Black Student Unions
   • Jewish Student Unions or Associations
   • “A Refuge for LGBTQ+ Young People” by Dorothee Benz, Ph.D. (Learning for Justice)
   • “Making Space” by Monita K. Bell (Learning for Justice)
   • Racial Affinity Groups: Guide for School Leaders (Great Schools Partnerships)
3. Board Membership
   • “Louisville Junior Selected as First Student Member on Kentucky Board of Education” (Kentucky Teacher)
   • “Involving Students on School Boards” (SoundOut)
   • “Students Serving on School Boards: Democratic Education in Action” (NSBA)
4. Informal Leadership
   • Podcast episode: Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (Learning for Justice)
   • “From Birmingham to Parkland: Celebrate the Power of Young Voices” by Adrienne van der Valk (Learning for Justice)
   • Precious Knowledge (documentary film from PBS)
   • “Students in Flandreau High School Hold Walkout” (Dakota News Now)
   • “Schools Confronting Racism and Community Pushback: Three Lessons From Sounds Like Hate” by Cory Collins (Learning for Justices)
   • “When Youth Get to Be Teachers” by Liz Clift (Learning for Justice)
   • “They Were Trained for This Moment” by Dahlia Lithwick (Slate)
5. Youth in Front
   • Youth In Front (Learning for Justice)

IV. Family and Community Engagement

Recognizing Caregivers as Funds of Knowledge

1. Recognition of Key Relationships
   • Funds of Knowledge Toolkit (Washington Office of Superintendent of Public Instruction)
2. Building Relationships Among Caregivers
   • “Parents Push for Student Safety” by Coshandra Dillard (Learning for Justice)
   • Grassroots Parent Organizing (Learning for Justice)
3. Home Visits
   • Equity Matters: Engaging Families Through Home Visits (Learning for Justice webinar)
4. Beginning-of-the-Year Questionnaires or Conversations
   • Section IV: Family and Community Engagement in Best Practices for Serving LGBTQ Students (Learning for Justice)
   • “Families Are Such an Asset” by Adrienne van der Valk (Learning for Justice)
5. Use of Home Languages
   • Family Engagement for English Language Learners (Learning for Justice)
   • “Language Barrier: Immigrant Parents Tell Tales of Exclusion” by Claudia Lauer and Vanessa A. Alvarez(AP News)
   • Talking Points App

Home-to-School Connections                        

1. Family History and Heritage
2. Caregiver Service and Engagement Programs
   • “Students, Families and Educators Should Lead the Way on the Gun Crisis” by Mica Pollock (Learning for Justice)
3. Honoring Family and Community Wisdom in the Classroom
   • “Building a Sustainable Future—One Classroom at a Time” by Hoa P. Nguyen (Edutopia)
4. Adult Education Programs
5. Events for Caregivers

Inclusion of Community Wisdom

1. Neighborhood Explorations
   • United States Civil Rights Trail Montgomery, Alabama
   • “Recovering and Teaching Local History” by Coshandra Dillard (Learning for Justice)
   • “History Walks: Main Street” by Seth Carreno (Learning for Justice)
   • Why Local Elections Matter (Learning for Justice)
2. Connecting With Community Organizations
   • “Resources for Building Community Partnerships” by Amy Erin Borovoy (Edutopia)
3. Integrated Classroom and Community Spaces

Engagement With Community Interests and Concerns

1. Community Research and Outreach
   • “Teaching Local History in Tulsa” by Coshandra Dillard (Learning for Justice)
   • “Partnering With Museums to Teach Honest History” by Jey Ehrenhalt (Learning for Justice)
2. Student-Designed Community Projects
   • “Teach and Model Community Involvement When Disaster Strikes” (Learning for Justice)
   • “Recovering and Teaching Local History” by Coshandra Dillard (Learning for Justice)
3. Supporting Student Action
   • Youth In Front (Learning for Justice)